Biggest Challenges Young Adults Face Today Essay

We often think young adults are ready to launch easily take off into career, college and lively adult social scenes. Many young adults find they are over-loaded and over whelmed with great difficulty in making this change. They may feel confused and even have a sense of deep loneliness. Relationships, school and finding employment are the latest challenges young adults face with today. We’re all, like, based on relationships and if all the relationships you build up for yourself aren’t what you want them to be then it has an effect on you, because it affects who you are. If you can’t get those connections to other people, than you are automatically lost in a hole. Something drastic that changes in your life would cause depression, like maybe your parents getting a divorce, a death in the family, or your boyfriend/ girlfriend breaking up with you. For young people, education and training are crucial to becoming valued, contributing adults in society. Young adults often experience additional difficulties with other aspects of their community adjustment. Student attitude plays a critical role in academic success. Getting good grades, studying for a test, turning in homework on time is a challenge for students. Student’s beliefs about their ability to learn are shaped by messages and experiences at home, school and in the large society. Large class sizes, high poverty rates, low family literacy weak school-family relationships, high student mobility many schools face these challenges. The most difficult things regarding transitioning to employment are developing realistic self- confidence at work and developing practical skills in the workplace. It is very important to promote yourself as a qualified individual who would add great value to the company. Your personal life will play a part in your ability to effectively complete your job. It’s important to watch your emotional and physical level. Transportation is another challenge for some young adults. Public transportation might not be an option in some areas. Some young adults don’t have their license due to their age or they have lost them. Young adult’s life is challenging in many ways. Stress and depression can cause grades to drop in school. Relationships can tent to be unhealthy and cause adults to get fired from their job. During school, try to get experience to put on your resume such as internships and volunteer opportunities. Having a positive mind can be a good thing. Focusing on the right things in life will end in a positive note. When you have someone to give you good advice on schoolwork, bad or good relationships and help find a good job to build a future. Life will always have challenges stay focus and be on track think before you change your life around.

Impact of the Computer and Internet Essay

Computers first made there debut and have been around since in the 1940s and the Internet since in the 1970s. Computer were large single room unit that have changed into hand held devices and microchips. The Internet was a blog where people from all over the world could post questions and get answers and now the Internet has become a global search engine. In the future, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our every day life. In the future, our day’s tasks will be checked using a personal robotic butler, the misplaced car keys will be located by entering the word keys into a cellphone and getting a call back saying bedroom. Our cars will be self driven and would be able to park themselves. After work, there may be ads on the shopping mall wall reconfigure to suit each person passing by, so when there is a sign for a concert, you buy a ticket by waving your cellphone over the billboard. This next wave of computers will be so small they hardly seem like computers at all. The screen of billboards will be able to broadcast different ad depending on the time of day or the person walking past. People will be able take a picture of the ad using their camera phones and use it as a coupon for the product being advertised. They may also be able to project imagies of family member which you talk to them on telephone call. In the future, the number one major issue will be privacy. We are currently leaving a digital footprints and it will only grow larger in the future. Tracking someone can be iillgal and has raised troubling privacy issues but in recents years people are giving up this information free. Websites like Twiter, Myspace and Facebook give people the ablity to post and check into area all around the world. People are also allowing strangors to know if they are on vaction and even some people are allowing their address and information to be put on these sites. The social inpact of allowing computer to expand will be huge. Police and government surveillance could go beyond wiretapping to body-tapping. Big business could track a person’s spending and shopping habits. On the criminal front, the sensors could enable better stalking, kidnapping, and theft now that our every location is broadcast to the world. The only way we’re going to be able to have privacy in the future is to have it legislated. People want our data and will do anything to get it. We need to be able to protect ourselves and the only was to do it in the future is to not allow computer to tap into our lives. The internet brings as wide an audience together as possible. With the importance of accessibility getting the recognition it deserves lately. Rather than reading and clicking, the people will be able to tell a browser where they want to go with spoken commands. People now read newspapers watch television and listen to the radio via the Internet and soon all of our communications phones, TV, and the Web will be delivered over a high-speed â€Å"broadband† connection. People are also creating their own media including blog posts, music and videos and sharing them with huge audiences without needing permission from the gatekeepers. The Internet is changing the way most everyone experiences media. According to Free Press. com â€Å"It could become the central nervous system of a healthy democracy the greatest engine for free speech, civic engagement and economic growth ever known†. It may be our last, best hope to make an end-run around the traditional media gatekeepers. There is a similar threat to society because of the open Internet today, and the stakes couldn’t be higher. High-speed Internet access is fast becoming a basic public necessity, just like water or electricity. To protect free-flowing Internet access for everyone, people need to get involved. It has gone from lifeless and robotic to something a lot more palatable in the last few years, and seems to continue to improve. Another issue could be keeping some users away because that the Internet can be a vast and scary place. Audio surfing could be perfect for the commuters, children learning to read, step-by-step tutorials as well as the casual multitasking user. In the future, web surfing could be available on any device. It seems the technology industry is eager to integrate the Internet into every device. People will start by adding touch-screens to fridges and other appliances might create new opportunities and challenges for interfacing. Touch screen technology is only scratching the surface on intuitive pproaches to interfacing. More widespread Internet delivery will mean reaching a wider audience. The major weakness to the increase of connected devices comes in the same flavor as the raging net neutrality issues being discussed today. If the Internet is tied into content devices like televisions, broadcasting companies might start pulling more of their annoying control-freak shenanigans in an attempt to capture a greater audience. This will be temporary; the battle of old-media vs. the Internet has only one ending for years, the Internet has been about serving the singular user. With the growing need and importance of online community, multiple-user experiences seem like the next logical step. The social impact of the internet will be negative at the rate the internet is going. As people use the internet more, they will be able to keeping up with people more, spending less time talking with their families, and feeling more lonely and depressed due to the lack of human interaction. These results can change interpersonal communication was their most important reason for using the Internet. Online platforms, for instance, have reduced the costs of communicating and minimized the impact of barriers like time and geography. In conclusion, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our everyday life. The internet will bring us wider audiences and accessibility to people all over the world. Both will have negative and positive aspect in society but may bring the world as we know it closer.

Responsibility of forming a government Essay

Different regions are led by rulers of varying caliber. Each ruler ship style has advantages and disadvantages of their own. Governments for example are considered to be a bad style of ruler ship because of the many evils that its people are forced to face. The society may be so united and cheerful but a government comes in to interfere with people’s way of life. It is true that the same people are always charged with the responsibility of forming a government by means of elections but the same government always turns against them. The society has always been a blessing to the members and they feel so much at home in such setups. This is because people mix freely and help one another freely even though they mat be having the same types of needs. A small society is self sustaining in that all services are offered by the people. As time goes by, the same people always feel the need to have special bodies to look into their affair and this is how governments are formed. The same people make the constitutions but soon after wards, the same governments turn against their people. Some places have adopted other forms of leadership like kingship to help them. This has its advantage of inheritance as a means of take over and so helps to prevent any deaths that are characteristic of democratic governments. Monarchies also have own weaknesses. Man should therefore just bear with whatsoever form of leadership that they have.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Peppermint Oil Essay

Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Peppermint Oil - Essay Example Though IBS is rarely associated with any mortality, patients with the irritable bowel syndrome often have poorer quality of life due to its chronic, relapsing nature, increased morbidity and higher health care utilization than persons without the disorder. Although the cause of the disorder is not fully understood, manometric studies have shown that disordered bowel motility may be responsible for causing some of the symptoms. Diagnostic Criteria for IBS as described by Thompson et al (1999) is as follows: conventional therapy, comprising of dietary changes like increasing dietary fibre intake, etc, and drugs such as anticholinergics, antispasmodics, and sedatives is often not significantly effective and may not be tolerated by the patient due to the presence of side effects. Until the precise cause of IBS is understood, treatment would be symptomatic and not curative and would aim at relieving symptoms. In a review of randomized, controlled trials regarding the most optimum therapeutic option for IBS by Jaiwala, Imperiale &, Krroenke (2000), no convincing evidence to support the efficacy of any medication currently being used for IBS was found. In fact the reviewers were unable to reach any significant conclusion as many studies considered in the review suffered from significant flaws in their methodology. Some of the most commonly used therapeutic options in the patients with IBS include, smooth-muscle relaxants, which are beneficial when abdominal pain is the predominant symptom, b ulking agents are used for constipation and anti-motility agents like loperamide for diarrhea. Presently the evidence supports the efficacy of smooth-muscle relaxants in patients whose predominant symp

Islam Faith and History By Mahmoud M.Ayoub Assignment

Islam Faith and History By Mahmoud M.Ayoub - Assignment Example The haay is where a man or woman belongs to and not the ‘family.’ Thus, child-rearing, indoctrination to culture, and gender roles are the responsibility of the tribe. This is due partly to survival since most societies lived a nomadic lifestyle. Thus, it is crucial that families band together for mutual interests. The role of men is crucial because they are seen as the provider and protector. Women on the other hand are deemed as liability or the weak link because the tribes’ honor hinges on the honor of its girls and women. And because there is a high-value placed on female honor, it is a necessity to employ force protection. This is done one, by infanticide. The tribe would burry one or several of its female infants alive. And second, provides protection against capture and forced concubinage. Ergo, women are not just burdens but are liabilities to the tribe as well. Another way to which women are ensured of protection is through marriage. Marriage in pre-Islamic society has two types—Sadiqah and Ba’l. Sadiqah marriages are based on female kinship. As such, the man could either pay a Sadaq which is given to the bride during the time of marriage or a mahr which is a negotiated gift between the man and the bride’s tribe that would be given to her parents or closest relative. Once the bride price is settled, the woman has to consent on the marriage before it could take effect. There are two types of Sadiqah marriages: the mut’an or temporary marriage which is undertaken solely for the purpose of desire or pleasure and bina which is a permanent union. In bina, the bride remains under the protection of her tribe and the husband would only come for conjugal visits but is free from the liability of taking care of his wife and children. As such children of Sadiqah unions are the responsibility of the mother’s tribe. The ba’l marriage on the other hand is based on

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

American Government - Essay Example Personally, the meaning of the statement takes a diverse and a dynamic aspect as time goes by and as U.S leadership takes new directions. However, these diversities and dynamics can be condensed to mean that it is from the people that government comes from. In other words, people constitute the government. However, this concept cannot be taken literally. This is because the government hardly pleases everyone. Even when the government is made up of this people, there are those that still oppose it and think a better one needs to be in place. Considering the context within which the concept We the People was brought forth by our forefathers, the concept can be referred to as symbolic. The U.S is made up of 52 different states. The entire constitution does not contain a single line that reads We the States. In this regard, the unification of all the states in America is symbolized by We the People concept. Therefore, the people may not constitute a perfect government but they can remain united through the government. Preamble to the U. S. Constitution identifies five different functions of government. These are: strive to put in place a perfect unification of all states, promote justice through protecting law abiders from law breakers, enhance safety and security of U.S citizens, promote the general welfare of the society and to safeguard domestic serenity. All these functions are expected to be discharged to the U.S citizens indiscriminately. Two of the five functions have had the greatest impact at a personal level. These are: promoting justice through protecting law abiders from law breakers and the enhancement of safety and security of U.S citizens. Today, many nations around the world face significant security and justice issues. A number of countries have engaged in civil wars, while others have disregarded the ultimate importance of human rights. However, the U.S has significantly addressed such issues

Picot Question In Hospital Patients Research Proposal

Picot Question In Hospital Patients - Research Proposal Example There is a big difference between the use of specialty beds, dry visco-elastic polymer bed, and the standard beds for the patients with limited mobility especially with regard to pressure ulcers. The foam outlays on the specialty tables reduce the vulnerability to pressure ulcers compared to the standard beds, which lack such comfort. The specialty bed also has a visco-elastic polymer foam mattress, which absorbs energy hence preventing pressure ulcer as compared to the standard beds. The specialty beds provide extra relief through the use of technology in the creation of dynamic surfaces. This accommodates the patients who have limited mobility hence prevention of pressure ulcers. Maklebust & Sieggreen (2009) conjectures that the kinetic beds aid in the recuperation process of ulcer pressures unlike the standard beds. This is because this bed contains a material rotation mattress which rotates a patient from side to side in order to change the pressure points. Therefore, the kinetic specialty beds serve to prevent pressure ulcers unlike the standard beds. The kinetic specialty bed also contains alternating pressure mattresses whereby a patient lies on air-filled sacs. These sacs sequentially inflate and deflate resulting in alternation in pressure between the patient and the mattress. This leads to pressure at va rious body parts within a short duration hence reducing the span of high pressure on any part of the body at any time. The air loss specialty bed also helps in the prevention of pressure ulcers as compared to the standard bed. This is a bed whereby patients rest on air sacs through which warm air passes hence the creation of modulated warmth for the patients. Barnett (2006) asserts that the temperature of the air can be changed with regard to the need for the patient. In addition, the pressure of the pillows used in this specialty bed can be changed in a bid to redistribute pressure for the patient. In addition, this specialty bed provides continuous flow of air hence preventing formation of moisture on the surface of the patient’s body. This specialty bed also offers a low air loss mechanism; hence, prevention of pressure ulcers. The low air loss bed also reduces the pressure exerted on the mattress by the body. This specialty bed also enhances the dressing of the patients w ithout friction hence prevention of pressure ulcers. The low air loss aids in the prevention of pressure than the standard bed through improvement of the skin micro climate .This is achieved through the maintenance of a normal moisture level between the skin and the support surface of the patient. This specialty bed also regulates the body temperature of the patient. The air-flow beneath the patient’s skin helps in the reduction of pressure hence preventing pressure ulcers. This specialty bed also contains a micro-porous cover sheet which allows air onto the surface of the skin of the patient. This bed also contains granular material, which is used for supporting a patient on a porous covering sheet. According to Hopp & Rittenmeyer (2012), the other form of specialty bed is the combination of the air-fluidized and low-air -loss bed. This bed is designed in the sense that the lower part of the bed is filled with the fluidized component while the other half has the low air loss component. The head of this bed is adjustable hence it is can be adjusted for the patient’s comfort. However, it is lighter than the standard bed. This specialty bed reduces the pressure ulcers. The other feature of this bed is that it rhymes with the body contours. The specialty beds also are fitted with seat cushions which also serve to prevent pressure ulcers unlike the standard beds. This is possible given that this bed surface reduces the pressure that the weight of the patient’s body exerts on the skin when the patient is resting. This specialty bed also helps in the healing of developed pressure ulcers. The dynamic specialty beds utilize electricity or a battery in the

Do transformation really work for Pizza Express Dissertation

Do transformation really work for Pizza Express - Dissertation Example observed trend regarding the transformation (which includes refurbishment of the units) it has been recommended that Pizza Express should invest in the innovation of products and services and also adopt identical and unique design for all the units of Pizza Express across the country. Major business houses round the world have undergone massive transformation over the years in order to be competitive and to fetch a substantial market share. In the era of globalization, organizations need to adopt various changes in their outlook to sustain their businesses in the competitive market scenario. The history of successful organization reflects the fact, that the organizations have carefully identified the changes in business processes at appropriate timings and those changes have gained profitability for them in the long run. In the present era, transformation of business across all sectors has evolved in a massive way. As a result of transformation, industries have experienced major chan ges over the years and this has been one of the critical elements responsible for the survival and growth of business organizations. Among the major changes undertaken by different organizations in the past decade, the focus has always been on the creation of value. Customer satisfaction has also been one of the prime forces which have driven the changes over the years. Much importance has been given to bring about changes in the products and services, according to the needs and demands of the customers so that the products and services offered by them are perceived by the customers to be of high value. The overall transformation in the business activities of the organizations also has a huge effect on the economy of a country. As the industries in a country contribute a substantial part... Express 23-27 Analysis 28-34 Conclusion 34-36 Recommendations 36-37 Bibliography 37-40 Appendix 40-41 Transformation in Pizza Express Executive Summary: A study of the process of business transformation has been conducted with special reference to the transformation process in Pizza Express. A detailed study has been done to analyze the importance and the advantages of the business transformation process. The transformation process undertaken by Pizza Express has been studied with the help of the secondary sources and some primary information. Studies reflect that the transformation process of Pizza Express is mainly based on the refurbishments of the units and a huge cost is being allotted by the organization towards the achievement of these goals. In the next step in the transformation process of the organization, the major process in the business operations needs to be detailed. Importance on the operation of process needs to be provided as all the major tasks in the organizations are accomplished through the process and the overall outputs of the process determine the efficiency of the organization. The various outputs of the organization should be aligned to the strategy so that operational excellence can be achieved by the organization. The detailing of the business operation will in turn lead to the overall analysis of the process and the identification of the process which needs the transformation. Once the process requiring transformation is identified, critical analysis of the particular areas of the process needs to be evaluated which needs transformation. Once the process requiring transformation is identified, critical analysis of the particular areas of the process needs to be evaluated which needs transformation.

The relationship between landlord and tenants in relation to Essay

The relationship between landlord and tenants in relation to assignment of leases and recovery of rent arrears - Essay Example The relationship between landlord and tenants in relation to assignment of leases â€Å"not to be on unreasonably withheld† & the legal and softer approach to dealing with rent arrears bearing in mind a proactive management approach Introduction Question one : Case scenario The first question deals with assignment of a lease by the tenant whereby the lease agreement permits for assignment, but with the consent of the tenant. In this case, the consent of the tenant cannot be unreasonably withheld. One of the shop is used by a hairdresser who wish to assign the lease to another hairdresser in the town. Shelagh (the other hairdresser) is considered a better covenant than existing tenant since she has a more profitable business than the current tenant.Although, I dislike Shelaghm, the lease permits the tenant to assign the premises with my consent. In this case, I cannot withhold the consent unreasonably. In the above case scenario, I cannot simply say no to the assignment of the lease. There are numerous laws that govern the landlord and tenant relationship with regard to the assignment of the lease. The Amendment of law of property Act 1925, provides the procedure for discharging or modifying any covenants including leaseholds (Pawlowski, 2002). The lease is of a commercial property and entails a covenant that is legally binding to the landlord and tenant. The tenant has the right to assignment lease to another tenant. Accordingly, the covenant requires the tenant to make an assignment only with the consent of the landlord.... Accordingly, the landlord must notify the tenant of any conditions attached to the consent or reasons for withholding the consent (Karp and Klayman, 2003). In addition, section 19(1) a of the landlord and tenant ACT1927, makes it clear that a landlord cannot unreasonably withhold his consent in a qualified covenant (Karp and Klayman, 2003). Accordingly, section 19 (1A) of the landlord and tenant Act 1927 allows both the landlord and tenant to agree of certain conditions that will apply while granting the consent of assignment (Pawlowski, 2002). In this case, the landlord will not unreasonably withhold his consent if he withholds the consent due to a specific circumstance that attaches to the assignment. In the above case, it is the legal duty of the landlord to grant the consent of assignment or provides reasons for the withholding of the consent (Karp and Klayman, 2003). Ideally, the main issue that arises in the grant of assignment consent is financial capability of the proposed ne w tenant. The landlord can ask for the financial accounts of the proposed tenant and enlist the services of a credit rating agency in determining the creditworthiness of the proposed tenant (Pawlowski, 2002). In the above case, Shelagh has a more profitable business and thus more credit worth than the current tenant. Accordingly, the landlord is entitled to take in to full consideration of the attaching property interests in the whole property such as good estate management reasons (Karp and Klayman, 2003). The landlord will seek satisfaction that the proposed new tenant is capable of complying with the lease covenants after the assignment and require for additional securities such as rent deposit and guarantees. In addition, the

Challenges in Managing Multinational Company Essay Example for Free

Challenges in Managing Multinational Company Essay Assalamualaikum, One of the common challenges faced by Malaysian multinational company is cultural diversity. Culture is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society. It is the way, for example in which its member eat, dress, greet and treat one another, teach their children, solve everyday problems, and so on ( Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn 2003). Cultural diversity in workplace refers to the range of differences between individuals in an organization. It affects the way in which people feel, think and act, and frequently, people either refuse to see it, or dont want to see it. People from different countries always have different tradition and attitudes towards business. Some company decides to expand their organization globally but unsuccessful because they fail to realize one important thing. They do not change their organization to adapt to the new country. Malaysian multinational company can be successful if they evolve into a diverse organization which employs people from diverse culture. An international company needs to understand the host market. In order to have better understanding of host market, an international market needs to employ locals. Hence, in employing local resident international organization opens its doors to cultural diversity. When cultural diversity is not properly managed, it caused problem, misunderstandings, and conflicts will arise. I believed that to make Malaysian multinational company successful, it is important that they embrace the fact that the world today has no boundaries. Cultural diversity in workplace and elsewhere should be respected. Employees skills, talents, ideas, and values must be developed and improved. An organization must be able to capture the energy and ideas of all mployees in order to meet the challenges of the competitive marketplace. I also believed that Malaysian multinational company can be successful when it comes to managing diversity if they managed to bring people together from different cultural backgrounds and form a collaborative group. As future manager, the key to manage the cross-culture challenges is through developing respect for every person, regardless of his or her cultural background. They should also learn to be more open-minded. Instead of Judging people, they must learn to accept that every individual is unique and everyone can contribute to the success of the organization. Advancement in science and technology and the liberalization of trade under the Asean Free Trade Area and World Trade Organization (WTO) create an economic opportunity as well as new challenges to Malaysian multinational company. Malaysian nowadays is emerging towards a technology-driven and high-tech production-based pattern of development in order to meet the challenges of the competitive global marketplace. Although Malaysias competitiveness rating has improvements. The availability of skilled human capital in Malaysia is not sufficient for technological development to progress. Malaysian school and universities do not turn out to be problem solver and do not produce skilled, innovative graduates as technology companies demanded. Compare to China and India which produce tens of thousands of graduates per year, while Malaysias talent pool is tiny in comparison. Companies that do not keep up with technological changes soon will find their business outdated. This will result on missing new products and market opportunities. Demographic is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. The demographic environment is a major interest to marketers because it involves people and people make up market. The worlds population is growing at a very high rate. The worlds large and diverse population uncovers great opportunity as well as challenges. Thus, for Malaysian multinational company to enter certain market, they must keep close tracks on demographic trends and development in their market, both home and abroad. In example, if Malaysia multinational were to enter Indian market, they need to understand the trends and dramatic changes in demographic data in determining arketing decisions, to identify opportunities and to anticipate declining demand. The continuously increasing urbanization, rapid growth and use of electronic media have brought changes to the lifestyle and consumption attitudes in urban areas in India, known as middle-class population which has made some essential socio- economic changes -rapidly increasing emphasis on higher professional education, family system from Joint families to nuclear families (BiJapurkar,2007) and exposure to western lifestyle and customs. These factors created increasing demands of ariety quality of products and services, in example, branded clothing, restaurant, home appliances, travel, and so on. In some countries, government interference affects the operation of the multinational companies. It is a challenge that Malaysia multinational company has to face in the direction of going global. Conflicts and misunderstanding between multinational company and host country government has occurred in recent years.. Government interference takes the form of tariffs, quotas, and other non-tariff restrictions. The threat of nationalization (forcing a company to sell its local assets to the government or to other local ationals) or changes in local business laws and regulations can limit a multinationals power. Examples can be taken from the case of China restriction towards multinational company. According to New York Times, companies that have operated exclusively in China for years are being targeted with discriminatory policies. Contracts involving state secrets or business secrets are reserved for Chinese companies and Chinese bureaucrats have been given broad latitude to exclude companies with foreign owners even if the company has been set up in China and have all of its operations in the country. Tenggiling Puitis a. m. n

Shawshank Redemption | Organizational Behaviour

Shawshank Redemption | Organizational Behaviour The movie I have chose in doing this assignment is Shawshank Redemption. This is a movie based on hope, friendship and strength. The Shawshank Redemption stars Tim Robbins as Andy Dufresne, he is the lead character and Morgan Freeman as Red. The original story is based on the book Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption written by Stephen King . Frank Darabont wrote the screenplay and directed the movie in 1994. This movie was released on September 1994. The purpose of doing this assignment is to relate the movie Shawshank Redemption and apply it in the field of study which is Organizational Behavior. In doing this assignment, we have to examine the main characters and their differences, personality type and attitude. We also need to observe their emotions and mood portrayed. Apart from that, we need to identify if there is any perceptual bias in this movie and whether or not they are using the decision making process model when there is a need for important decision making. Motivational theories application, teamwork effectiveness, leadership style and power tactics are also crucial subtopics in relating it with the movie. The last two part of this assignment is to study if there is any conflict in this movie and the last part is about the change tactics implemented. Analysis of Movie The director of the movie Shawshank Redemption has establish a specific quality of his work as evident in the movie. The genre of this movie as stated in internet movie database is a combination of both drama and crime thriller. This is because the movie is based on prison life and how the hero adapt to the new situation which is in the prison life after been accused of murdering his wife and her lover and this is also classified as crime thriller because the storyline of this movie centered about criminal behavior of not only the inmates but the misconduct of guards and warden as well. The Shawshank Redemption was directed by Frank Darabont based on the nove Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by author Stephan King. This movie was made in 1994 and this movie was a 1994 motion picture adapted. This movie use a formlistic style which focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing. The director of this movie try to make audience slowly and gradually noticed each personality or traits of each character in this movie instead of aggressively show to audience their distinct traits. The position of the camera or the angle chosen in this movie was not from a usual perspective or angle. Shawshank Redemption is one example of classical films. The cinematography of this movie is by Roger Deakin. The movie had create a dramatic impact towards the audience by their options of color filter, the color chosen for example like the scenery outside the prison covered with walls and brick enhance the colour brown and when they are in the prison cell wearing their blue uniform, the color blue appeals more attractive. This movie plays a lot with darkness and shadow. This is especially the scene when there is a violence involved for example the scene when the guards beats up the prisoners, though we cant really see it because of the low light, we can still sense the presence of violence. When the guards walks or passed by the shadows followed, this reflects their dark side characters which is violent, harsh and have no mercy. The climax of this movie does not give direct understanding to audience until the later scene, It gives audience the sense of suspend ,and the final part of this movie gives audience a feeling of surprise and excitement, after Andy had successfully escaped from the prison. Lesson Learnt from the Movie Shawshank Redemption Persistence Andy is someone who is persistent and patience in reaching a specific aim or goal. Unlike many others, Andy do not easily give up even if there is a small obstacle stopping him. Andy keeps on trying and without fail to follow up with the authorities whom he asked for the fund to expand the library until it got approved. He wrote a letter a week for many years. He tried despite the fact that the warden told him they might not give him any money and finally Andy request was granted. Another good example that can be shown from this movie is when Andy requested a rock hammer in which he intend to make a hole at his cell wall to escape through the sewage tunnel. Even though he knows it might take years or maybe decade to accomplish it he determinedly and persistently commit to it because that is the only way he could escaped and he had ,managed to do so without anybody suspicions. This is to say patience has a virtue. Look out for Opportunities make the best out of situation In this movie, Andy had used his experience as a banker to gain trust from the guards and warden so it will be easier for him to get his plan accomplished if he had already established a basic foundation which is trust from them. In one of the scene, Andy overhears the captain guards complaining to his colleague about taxes that he has to pay for upcoming inheritance that he will get. Andy then takes opportunity from this situation by offering him advice about managing the taxes so he can avoid paying the tax for the inheritance. Later on, all the guards in the prison look up for him for advice. This situation gives him advantage as he is assigned to a special task when everybody came to see him to seek advice. Andy also gain warden trust in dealing with his illegal financial matters. This gives Andy advantage as it is easier to execute his freedom plan The lesson that can be learned from here is we must look for opportunity in any difficult situation. Even in very bad circumstances, there is a way to get out of it by looking up for the options available to make the best out of the bad situation. Hope and faith Andy did not lose faith even when he was accused of murdering his and her lover and was sentenced to life imprisonment. He knew there is still hope for him that he would get out from the prison even if it took decades. Andy spent his time mostly hoping for a better future;to be free, escape from jail. He has his vision clear in mind and had planned it thoroughly. Andy starts working towards his vision the moment he first step into the prison. Andy has faith in what he is doing, this can be seen when he commits in executing the plan without anyone suspecting him. Andy also sparks hopes for Red. This is because before Red met Andy, Red has lost his hope accepting that he will never see freedom again however Andy has change Red and that he then he now have some light of hope and the sense of possibility for him to be free. Andy does not only have faith in himself but also with Tommy. Tommy is the new con that just gets in to Reds group. Tommy approaches Andy because he wants to get his GED and have heard that Andy had helped few inmates before. Andy then spends a lot of time teaching Tommy because Tommy doesnt even know how to read. It can seen clearly from this situation that Andy have faith in Tommy otherwise he wouldnt teach him and Andy hopes the best for Tommy in taking the test and at the end Tommy did pass the test with C+ though at first Tommy feels he will not pass the test and that has let Andy down after all the hard work. Hope is a fundamental basis for all future plans and dreams. Without hope, one can never believe that life can change better. Hopeful people will not easily gave up on their mission to improve the life circumstances even when there is an obstacle. Andy has also mentioned in letter he wrote to Red Remember, Red. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies. I will be hoping that this letter finds you, and finds you well. Your friend, Andy Dufresne. Success is a reward for hardship Andy is rewarded with freedom after decades of hardship. Andy had spent 19 years digging a tunnel every night to escape prison. He had carve a chess piece from the rock and the Andy hides the residual rocks in his pants and safely dispose then on the prison ground during outdoor activity. Andy quest for freedom had made him determined in doing the task given to him with hope that he get to take advantage out of every situation. When Andy had escaped from the it is like a payback for all the hardship he went through in the prison, the excitement that only a free man can feel after a long journey in which the outcome is not certain. Islamic Perspective In the movie Shawshank Redemption, we could see that there a number of Islamic values that is upheld especially by the main character Andy Dufresne. We could also see some opposing values that is highlighted in this movie. From Islamic perspective, the Islamic values that is visible are we must help those who is need and patience has a virtue. The discouraging act in this movie on the other hand is in a total disagreement with the Islamic values and principle, for example, we should not give up in life by committing suicide, we must not get involve in corruption, bribe or swindling money, we should not take someones else life on purpose. Values that is accordance to Islam in this movie ; We must help those who is in need In Islamic perspective, Allah wants us to be kind and help those who is in need without expecting any return from them. In this movie, Andy had willing to teach Tommy who is illiterate until he passes his exam. Andy is someone who is kind hearted and willing to help his friend. Patience has a virtue Patience is to be said as a condition for success and prosperity. It is shown from this movie that Andy patience is rewarded with freedom. This shows the importance of being patient and how patience can make us be a better person. Andy is patient and even in a bad situation, he remains calm. We should not give up in life by committing suicide In this movie Brooks gone crazy after known that he will be set free soon. This is because he had institutionalized. After few days out from the prison Brook had commit suicide by hanging himself with a rope because he couldnt handle freedom and think there is no life for him out there because he was in prison almost all his life. From Islamic point of view, suicide is forbidden and we must not give up in life and must have faith everything has a way out. We must pray to Allah and zikir so can find peace in our self and that can lead us in rational state or mind We must not involve in corruption Allah had forbid us from practicing bribery and swindle money. The practice of bribery involves power abuse or profit gaining which contradicts to human law and moral. In this movie, the warden is corrupt and takes bribes. The Warden makes a plan to send the prisoners out on a community service program. The warden then takes bribes from other construction companies because the inmates are taking job away from these companies. He then asked Andy to launder money for the warden by setting up many account in different banks using a false identity he create. From Islamic point of view accept a bribe in any form and in any circumstances is forbidden. It is also haram to give a bribe to someone else as this is to get something which is the right of someone else. Therefore it is our interest to avoid involving in corruption Do not involve in killing or murder It is not allowed to murder anyone who is innocent of any crime. In Islam if we kill someone who ids innocent we are committing a huge sin. In this movie, the warden had killed Tommy because Tommy is a key escape for Andy as he knows the real person who actually murders Andys wife and her lover. Tommy had heart his previous cellmate told him about shooting a couple in a club house and later on his husband gets blamed. Andy than told the warden what he just knew , warden then had Tommy shot to death and tell everyone he got shot when he was trying to escape. The rationale behind his action is he dont want Andy to release and tell the authority about the money laundering and murder in the prison. The main storyline about this Shawshank Redemption The story is about a banker named Andy Dufresne that works in Maine. He has been convicted of murdering his wife and her professional golfer lover. He was announced guilty and sent to the dangerous Shawshank Prison. He feels lonely and isolated at first. He then befriends a fellow inmate that had been convicted for a long time named Red. Red befriend with him because Red can sense there is something in Andy. Red has the capability to smuggle in things into the prison. Andys first request made to Red is a rock hammer and he said that he like to collect rocks and sculpting as a hobby but Red thinks that Andy will use the rock hammer as a tool to escape from the prison. Next, he requests a poster. Overtime, Andy befriend prison guards and give them his skill in financial as an advisor to them. One particular guard has an eye for him to use Andy for his benefit which is to use Andy bookkeeping skill in order to organize a money laundering scheme for him, so that he can use the laundered money after he retires. Andy takes up project expand the prison library by writing letters to Maine state senate for funds. When the library has more resources and materials, he also helps the other fellow inmates to get their high school diplomas. One day, a new and young inmate, Tommy, arrived at Shawshank. He tells Andy that in other prison he overhears that there is one prisoner has killed a bankers wife and her professional golfer lover. Then the murder was framed on Andy. Andy tells the warden about the new information but the warden is having a doubt about it. Norton Warden shot Tommy to death because he afraid that Andy will reveal the laundering scheme that he and Andy are doing together. Since Andy does not have a new witnessed for his new trial, he does not want to help Norton Warden with his scam anymore but the he is trying to threaten Andy by destroying the prison library. Next thing, Andy is gone from Shawshank prison. He had escaped by digging his way out of the wall using his rock hammer and the escape hole has been hidden behind a poster. Andys escape took around 20 years for him to be free from the prison. Then, Andy takes money from Warden Nortons scam under the named registered for Randall Stephens and leaves the town. Norton Warden commits suicide by pulling a trigger up to his chin after he found out that Andy used him. Red received an empty postcard from Fort Hancock, Texas and Red interpret it is from Andy that has made it into Mexico and gain his freedom. Furthermore, red passes his parole board and he works at a grocery store and lives in a halfway house. One day, he bought a compass from a pawn shop and follows Andys instructions for him to find a small box under a large black stone. The box contains a huge amount of money and direction to find Andys current location. Red bailed his parole and leaves the halfway house and he takes a bus to Fort Hancock, crosses Mexico and reunited with his friend, Andy again. The main character of the Shawshank Redemption The main characters for this movie are Andy Dufresne and Ellis Boyd Redding or also to be known as Red. The differences among the main characters of this movie All of the two main characters are male as portrayed in the movie and they are all having different character. Andy Dufresne is white people and Red is black or African American. There are no statements in the movie that show each of the character age. The descriptions of each character are as follows. Firstly, Andy Dufresne possessed the banking skills since he works in a bank at Maine. It has been shown at the beginning of the movie. Since he has the skill in the banking field, he also helps the prison guards by giving financial advice to them. He also is being in charge to get the fund for the expansion of the prison library by writing the letter to the Maine state senate. Besides that, he does not mind to lend a helping hand and it can be shown when Andy helps one of the guards, Warden Norton in laundering Nortons money. Furthermore, he helps fellow inmates to gain their high school diplomas. It can be seen that Andy has a kind heart when it comes to help others. Moreover, Andy is a creative person. It is because he uses only the hammer rock that usually used by the geologist for collecting rocks and sculpting as his escape to freedom tool. He also hid his escape hole using the poster that he request from Red. So, it is one of his creative ways to escape that he kept it for himself. Secondly, Red is the second main character in this movie. Red is seen to be gaining some respect by others because he has the capability to smuggle thing into the prison. He is also one of the first Andys friends in the prison because he sees something in Andy when he first meets him. Besides that, when Andy escaped from the prison, he misses Andy. It shows that he values the friendship that he has with Andy. He is a secret keeper for Andy as an example, Andy launders money for Warden Norton by creating a fraud account under the name Randall Stephens and Andy only shares this information with Andy alone. What are attitudes can you identify in the main characters? Andy Strong minded Andy is said to have a strong minded because he has his plan in mind and stick to it until the end. He knows that any action or plan he makes have a consequences and he is willing to take the risk. It also means here that Andy is a determined person. He is determined to escape from the prison and have had plan everything for it, waiting only for the execution. Self control Self control is when someone can control his emotions, attitudes and behavior .Andy has a high level of self control. Though he was convicted for crime he did not commit, he did not portray any attitudes or behavior that is rebellious. He only obeys to what he is commanded to do and show no sign to opposing it. One example , is when Andy first night at Shawshank, he did even make a sound, means, he does break into tears despite knowing the fact that he will be spending his life as prisoners. Caring and empathetic Andy is someone who is kind and concern for others well being. Andy cares for the people around him including Red and Brooks. When Red was rejected for parol, Andy gave him a harmonica as a present for him and to encourage him not to lose hope. This shows that he cares about Red and wants him to have a sense of hope to be freed. He also cares for Brooks when Brooks go crazy after knowing he will be released from Shawshank, he calm Brookds down when Brooks was so down. This shows Andy concern for Optimistic Andy is an optimistic person. He is hopeful and has faith in his future. Andy not only instills this hope to himself but to others around him as well, especially Red. He is confident that he will have a better future by escaping the prison and he is optimist that his plan will succeed. Kind Andy is warm and kind hearted person. He helps out the new inmates named Tommy to go through a exam. Andy is willing to spend his time teaching Tommy how to read. Determined Andy is a very determined person. We can see his determination throughout the entire movie. First he is determined to escape from the prison with the plan he already have on mind. Secondly, he is so determined, that he actually, digs out tiny piece of wall every night. Andy did not gave up when he tried to ask for donations and fund for the library even it was rejected many time, he persistently, wrote a letter to the authority until it was approved. Red Friendly Red is seen as a friendly person, as he has a bunch of friends whom he always hangs out with and he also approaches Andy, Red and Andy slowly become friends. Red is also the one who knows most of the inmates there though he may not necessarily befriend with them. One example is when Red they labeled Red as a man who can gets anything from anybody. This indicates that he has many connections and friends inside Shawshank Helpful Red is a helpful person as he often helps Andy whenever Andy needs something such as when he needs rock hammer and poster of Rita Hayworth. Andy does sometimes seek opinion and advice from him. Red too often helps Andy in whatever Andy is doing, such as when they renovate the library and when Andy provide financial assistant to the guards, Red was his assistant. This shows that Red is a very helpful person. Loyal Red is a loyal friend and supporter of Andy. Red is always there for Andy to shares stories, talk about their past and future. Red has become Andy friend throughout Andys life in prison. Towards the end of the movie, one evident shows that Red is loyal is when he went to the place mentioned by Andy to collect what is left by Andy, he then visit Andy in Zihuatanejo . They then happily reunited. Humour Red can be considered as a person who has a sense of humor. When they gather among them, there will be laughter and giggling. This is an important trait as it will reduce boredom and tense among one another. What emotions and mood can be portrayed in the movie? Were the emotions and mood easily to see or did you have to guess from the evidence from the scene? Explain your answer. There are few emotions and moods portrayed in this movie. Some of the emotions can be detected easily while some have requires an interpretation and deep understanding. There are emotions portrayed in this movie have high negative affect such as tense, and nervous. The first emotion that I would like to highlight first is tense. There were quiet a number of scene of beating violently. The first scene is when the new inmates broke into tears and plead to release him, the guards, drag him out of his cell and beats him till he dies. This scene is very emotional. There is also a scene where a man gets shot by the warden. This emotion was not so easy to perceived, as when the new inmates got beaten, the others can feel the sense of tense hearing him screaming for his life, though it does not show their expression directly, we know they acknowledge presence of tense by the look in their eyes. Emotion such as worry and suspend can also be found in this movie. The scene when the warden did a spot check in every cell to check if there is any illegal item they keep, when it was Andy turns, though he does not show it obviously, there is a presence of worry in him, worry that his illegal item will be found by the warden, the climax of this part is when the warden asked him for the book he holds, Andy then passed the book to warden, this is when Andy looks worried, because he may have hid his rock hammer inside the book, which he actually did, shown towards the end part of the movie. Upset is another example of high positive affect. Andy was very upset when Tommy was killed, because that is the only chance he could get escaped but the warden killed Tommy so Andy will have no chance to be released. Andy frustration can also be easily detected when he expressed it in his face. Low negative affect emotions such as relaxed can also be found in this movie. The emotions relaxed is when Andy and his friend get to drink cold beer at the roof top given by the warden as a compensation for the advice Andy gave to him. This emotion of relaxed and calm can easily be seen by their action and behavior which is laid back, chilling and relaxed enjoying their free beer. Low positive affect emotion is also visible such as depressed. This can also be easily seen when Andy got lock up in the isolated and dark cell for weeks. When he was in there he look depressed. This depression can easily be perceived. What sort of personality type can you identify from the character in the movie? Andy personality type in the movie Shawshank Redemption can be classified into Introverted, Intuitive, thinking and judging (INTJ). Andy is an introverted person. Andy is a a private and quiet person. Andy is someone who is concerned of the inner world of his mind. He does a lot of thinking, exploring his own thought and emotions. Moreover, he is not really a outgoing person, he is often around his group of friends and especially with Red. Andy is an intuitive person. Andy focus is on the big picture. For example, Andy believes that will get out from the Shawshank prison even without having any reason or evidence for that belief. This shows that Andy rely on his intuitions. Andy is also a thinking type of person. We can see that he often analyze the situation before executing any of his plans. Andy is often cool, strong minded and analytical, this attitude is consistent with his thinking personality type. Judging. Andy preferred to have a control of things that is going on around him . Based on these personality types we can say that Andy is independent and brilliant. He is often innovative and creative. The dark side of this type of personality is INTJ person are a very private person and less likely to share ideas to other. This exactly reflects Andy Dufresne character. Red personality type is total opposite from Andy which is extroverted, sensing, feeling and perceiving (ESFP). Red is an extroverted person. He is friendly and can easily make friends. He has a lot of friends in Shawshank. As evident from the movie, he is the one who first approach Andy. Red is someone who only cares or concern about what is going on at present. Therefore we can say that Red is sensing type of person. Sensing is a type of person who prefers routine and order. In the movie Shawshank Redemption we can see that Red is comfortable with the routine activities he did every day. Red is also a feeling type of person. Red is a person who makes decision based on what he thinks people care about. For example, in Red parole interview he often answers to the interviewer based on what he thinks the interviewers wants to hear. Red is a perceiving .He is flexible and spontaneous. Based on Red personality type we can conclude that Red is a person who is fun to be with, friendly, warm and love to make others happy. Perceptual bias Yes they were perceptual biases in this movie Availability Bias Availability Bias is a tendency for people to based judgment on information that is readily available to them. In the movie Shawshank Redemption, the availability bias scenario is when Red visit the authorities of the prison for a parole interview. When he was asked by one of them whether he already feel rehabilitated Red answered to them Yes, I am honestly feeling a changed man, I am no danger to society, and thats Gods honest truth and I am absolutely rehabilitated. However his parole was rejected twice by the officer. This indicates that the authorities interview Red was making decision based on availability bias, they make decision based on what is readily available at that time which is in this case how Red answered their question. The authorities do not consider the fact that he has been doing good and well behaved in prison all this while. Decision making process In the movie Shawshank Redemption, they are some important decision were made but the decision was not made based on the decision making process primarily based on Intuition. Intuition is instinctive and unconscious knowing without reasoning. In the movie Shawshank Redemption, there are few scene showing how Andy make instant or unconscious decision based on his guts feeling, for example in the scene when Andy was trying to carve his name on the cell wall, and later large piece of wall breaks off and fell and at that tim Andy start formulating his plan to escape. When Andy gave an advice to the guards Captain named Hadley, later on Hadley noticed that Andy was good in numbers and that will benefit all the other guards. Andy might not know this would be a good opportunity for him to execute his plan without suspicions. It is based on Andys own gut feeling or intuition for seeking out opportunities, even though he does not know where his plan is going to lead. Andy does what he needs t o do and are not afraid of taking risk in everything he does. Motivational theories Self-determination Theory Self-determination Theory is a theory concerned with beneficial effect of intrinsic motivation and harmful effects of extrinsic motivation. Self-determination theories propose that people prefer to feel they have control over their action. In the movie Shawshank Redemption we can see that Andy is portraying a character of a self determined person, however Andy in this movie is motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic rewards is when a person enjoy in doing what he is doing and does not concern about praising or rewards. Evident from this movie that shows Andy is motivated by intrinsic effects is when he help the guards by giving them advise, we can see that he clearly sincere in doing it because it is his expertise though we know Andy have hidden intention behind. Evident based on extrinsic rewards is when he become the accountant for the warden and he help warden in swindling money by creating account with different names, he did this for extrinsic rewards that i s his hidden intention to reveal the warden practice of corruption when he escape from the jail later, by obeying to warden order, he knew he will gain trust from the warden which will benefit in executing his plan. x. Was teamwork applied in the movie? If no, why do you say that? If yes, do you think the team was effective? Yes, we can see that they had applied teamwork in this movie. The teamwork can be seen clearly when they are trying to smuggle illegal item from outside. Moreover, in this movie, their teamwork very effective and efficient because they do not get caught when smuggling illegal item from outside into the prison. However, Ellis Red Reddings who is the leader of smuggler have good relationship with the officer and have friends who is cooperate with him very well. We can conclude it as the successful team when the teams are assertive and a trust among them. This team also shows individual with technical expertise as well as most of them are conscientiousness and openness. When they are trying to smuggle the illegal item, they have members who fill the role and prefer to be part of their group. They are able to complete the task without get caught or knowing of the warden. Apparently, when Andy Dufresne asking about the photo of one of popular artist, Ellis Red Reddings trying hard to smug gle the photo and pass through the one of their friends who do the books keeper every week. Clearly, they have developed a good team and effective. It gives exciting and satisfying also trust for the each member of the teamwork. On the other hand, there is one thing that Andy Dufresne wants to bring different in the prisoner. He tries to renovate bookstore into library which is first and foremost library in the prisoner. They cooperates each other and the team work efficiently and successfully build a new mini library as they believe they can succeed. However, they are facing many difficulties to build the library. All the teams contribute their physical and technical expertise to make it work. When all of them succeed to make a mini library with their effort, they have opportunity for personal development of itself and there are very satisfying and get rewarding experience. From Islamic perspective, depending upon their teamwork, clearly they are practicing good moral valu How Effective is Metadata? How Effective is Metadata? ABSTRACT: In a highly growing technological world, large organizations deal with huge amount of information. With this rapid growth the retrieval of historical information has become a compulsory task for the decision makers. Here is where data warehouse comes into play. Data warehouse is a collection of integrated databases designed to support managerial decision making and problem solving functions. Metadata is one of the most important feature available in data warehouse. In this paper we are going to explain how effective is metadata in data warehouse and how it helps in improvising the performance measures of the data warehouse making it highly efficient. INTRODUCTION: Retrieving the required information from data warehouse without metadata will be a daunting task. metadata is a small piece of data which tells the decision making analysts what kind of data is it and where it is stored. Thus making the task easy and time saving. Metadata has a significant role in data warehouse. There are of two parts front room and back room metadata. The back room metadata helps in extraction, cleaning and loading. the front room metadata is descriptive type helping in smooth functioning. While creating the data warehouse for large organizations one or more meta data has to be stored, for this meta model is been created. Meta model is a conceptual model for metadata database where meta data of a warehouse are stored. It renders detailed description of metadata units and their relationship existing between them. The metadata type and their abstraction level has a direct impact on building a meta model. Meta data management system mostly follows the federal structur e (i.e.) combining the advantages of both centralized and distributed structures enabling a variety of meta database for storage. Meta model should be highly scalable so that when the application requirements change the users can customize the application specific component of metadata. EFFECTS OF METADATA ON DATA WAREHOUSE: Metadata and its management play a very important role in data warehouse system. When a user needs to access a data in data warehouse, he first looks into the metadata for where it is located in that cluster of information. What if the metadata is not present, the user has to skim through the whole information to find out his required information which is practically an impossible task. Thus metadata showing up to be highly efficient in data warehouse. In context with data warehouse, metadata is majorly classified as business, technical and operational meta data. Business metadata explains about business definition, policies and others. Technical metadata has all technical information such as db. system names, tables, columns names, data types and values. Whereas operational metadata shows the currency of data. Meta data also ensures code reusability, accuracy, consistency and integrity of the system. It highly supports the development, maintenance and upgradation of Data warehouse. LIMITATIONS: When different layers of metadata fail to communicate and update successfully, the users will land up in wrong search of data. SOLUTION: A proper maintenance should be done on a timely basis and a notification mechanism should be initiated whenever such updating does not take place to ensure that metadata has updated and works fine. A good quality data warehouse should ensure good performance measures such as quality control, confidentiality of data, integrity, availability etc. Here we are going to see how metadata is playing a vital role in improvising the performance measures of data warehouse. QUALITY CONTROL BY METADATA: Implementation of data warehouse is a most efficient solution for decision makers. In some cases, data warehouse fails to meet the requirements due to lack of data quality. The major area where the data quality fails is while integrating the input sources. In a metadata quality control system, initially the demands for quality are gathered from the user and then convert these requirements into specifications. These specifications are added to metadata. Along with this metadata, total data warehouse architecture is combined so the data is examined along the dataflow. This security mechanism is implemented in metadata since the metadata repository is responsible for each and every characteristic of data present in the warehouse. Hence applying quality demands in metadata helps to rectify the quality issues in data warehouse. ADVANTAGES: The quality demands of the user are satisfied, efficiency is improved, performance measure is boosted. LIMITATION: Firstly, though the quality control measure is applied in the initial stage, the data after stored in the warehouse do not guarantee the same quality. secondly, there is a slight modification in the warehouse architecture in accordance to the quality control model which may affect the performance of the warehouse. SOLUTION: A proper quality check should be carried out even after the data is stored in warehouse by involving quality maintenances in warehouse and also before involving modification in warehouse architecture the performance measure is to be checked so that it does not affect the efficiency. SECURITY MEASURES BY METADATA: A high quality data warehouse should have highly confidential storage system. Security is more important in this competitive world where hacking of information no more a big deal. Data warehouse is an inaccessible system providing huge of amount of data easily available for users. Security aspects are considered before building the data warehouse and inserted in the metadata in the architecture.so the user will be restricted to only a particular area where the access is provided, the rest data cannot be accessed unless proper authentication is provided. Inserting security measures after developing data warehouse will not be that effective and cost efficient. We apply security measure in metadata since applying it to the other parts will affect the performance of data warehouse and also it wont end up in an efficient way. ADVANTAGES: Confidentiality of the data is maintained, illegal authentication is prohibited, increases the performance. LIMITATION: This security model is advantageous for those kind of data whose content is described by metadata and also it restricts the access to users, so the users end up making decision with the available decision thus indirectly affecting the performance of data warehouse. SOLUTION: Rather than giving authentication to a area, security system should be designed in such a way that only highly trusted users are let in the warehouse and are allowed to migrate throughout the system and make the better decision by considering all the available data. CRITICAL REASONING: For large organizations, metadata management is of great importance and great potential. Metadata not only provide information about the data in warehouse but also, helps in boosting various performance measures by which the user requirements are satisfied. By improving the quality of the data, consistency and efficiency is maintained in warehouse. By providing a secured data to the users as per their demands increases the performance of the warehouse. Other security measures and quality control measures involves more complexity than that of one involving metadata. So, using metadata would be a simple and prudent choice. CONCLUSION: In this goal, driven business environment, it is important to serve the demands of the user rather than giving them a comprehensive result. Metadata is a small part in data warehouse architecture but in turn provides huge effects in functioning. Meta data gives meaning to data and adds clarity to the users. hereby we summarize the effects of metadata in data warehouse and how it helps in improving the performance measures of warehouse. This performance improvement techniques using metadata is not widely followed because of lack of understanding of importance of metadata and, the metadata management has higher degree of complexity. So, by this we get to know that metadata is essential and highly effective in data warehousing.